Informatics Publishing Limited

K. S. Jagadeesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, IN

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is belong to Gram positive bacteria commonly found in the fermented food and gastro intestinal tract and commonly used in the food industry as a potential starter probiotics. Recently, the interest toward LAB is increased due to their wide application in food and medical field. Among the lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus species attracted many researchers because of its wide applications in the medical fields as anticancer, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti- obesity anti-inflammatory, and antidiabtics. This report shortlisted the importance of LAB for various application.

Keywords

Lactic Acid Bacteria, Lactobacillus species, Food, Medical Application.

Full Text

   

K. Harish Kumar ¹, K. S. Jagadeesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, IN

Abstract

Microorganisms under natural habitats live in communities and some provide benefits to plants. The concept of development of microbial consortia for bio-control and crop sustainability relies on this fact. Microbes when introduced to soil as consortium interact with a host plant, partially mimic the natural soil conditions. To improve stability of the released microbes in different agricultural fields, use of microbial consortia is advocated. Further, microbes together can also offer multiple mechanisms of mycoparasitism, competition, antibiosis, induced systemic resistance etc., to fight pathogens. Microbes in communities also strengthen the capabilities of the partners in an additive or synergistic manner. Although development of microbial consortia is important for management of plant diseases, it is also equally important to understand how they influence plant metabolism when the consortium is introduced to soil. Various plant physiological parameters that are identified to aid biocontrol by pathogens include activation of phenyl propanoid pathway, activation of antioxidant pathways and various stress enzymes such as phenyl alanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase etc. The compatible microbial consortia trigger defence responses in an enhanced level in crop plants than the microbes alone, and provides better protection against pathogens. Evaluation of compatibility and synergism of microbial components is essential for the success of microbial consortia. Further rapid evaluation methodologies or kits need to be developed for quicker developments in the field of microbial consortia.

Keywords

Microbial Consortia, Systemic Resistance, Defense Molecules, Antibiosis, Compatibility.

Full Text

   

A. Sravika ¹, A. N. Shylesha ², K. S. Jagadeesh ¹, T. M. Shivalingaswamy ³, N. Nagaraju ⁴, M. S. Sheshshayee ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, UAS, Bengaluru – 560065, Karnataka, IN
2 Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-NBAIR, Hebbal, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Resource Management in Plant Protection, ICAR-NBAIR, Hebbal, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, UAS, Bengaluru – 560065, Karnataka, IN
5 Department of Crop Physiology, UAS, Bengaluru – 560065, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Studies on the biology and feeding potential of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) were carried out at NBAIR, Bengaluru. Experimental results revealed that the total developmental period from egg to adult for male and female were 27.92±2.87 and 39.62±3.28 d, respectively. The life cycle of male and female passed through first, second, third, fourth and fifth nymphal instars (male: 2.42±0.51 d, 3.25±0.45 d, 3.25±0.45 d, 4.00±0.60 d, 4.42±0.51 d) and (female: 2.54±0.52 d, 3.46±0.52 d, 4.00±0.71 d, 4.38±0.65 d, 5.08±0.49 d), respectively. Total nymphal period is about 17.83±1.34 d for male and 19.46±1.20 days for female, respectively. Adult longevity of male is lower (10.25±2.96 d) compared to that of female (20.15±3.39 d). The premating period and mating period of adult E. furcellata was 2.33±0.50 days and 6.44±2.24 hrs, respectively. The pre-oviposition period, oviposition period of adult female was 2.89±0.60 and 11.22±1.72 days, respectively. The average number of eggs laid by the female was 209.29±28.11 in a single mated system. Egg incubation period was about 5.42±0.51 days. The predation rates of second, third, fourth, fifth instar nymphs, adult female and male on 2^nd, 4^th, 6^th instar prey of E. furcellata were (16 ±0.95, 27 ±4.06, 55±4.67, 68 ±5.41, 126 ± 4.76, 97 ± 2.85), (7±1.34, 24±2.77, 40±3.39 45±0.71, 88±1.37, 51±1.60) and (4±0.82, 9±1.64, 21±2.81, 38±1.03, 69±1.32, 36±2.73), respectively.

Keywords

Biology, Developmental Period, Eocanthecona furcellata, Predatory Potential, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Full Text

   

U. Venugopal ¹, P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ², P. Saravan Kumar ², K. S. Jagadeesh ¹, K. Murali Mohan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka, IN
2 Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore – 560089, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Apanteles machaeralis (Wilkinson), a braconid specialist larval endoparasitoid of Diaphania indica occurs naturally causing significant levels of parasitism.  The present study explores the response of the A. machaeralis to odour cues from D. indica damaged cucumber plant as well as host larvae. Different odour treatments namely, D. indica larval body volatiles (T₁), volatiles from larval excreta (T₂), volatiles from larvae + excreta (T₃),  volatiles from D. indica body wash (T₄), volatiles from the healthy, mechanically damaged and D. indica infested cucumber plants (HIPVs) were collected using headspace analysis and the response of female A. machaeralis was studied using olfactometer assays. Results of the study conclusively indicated that A. machaeralis is highly attracted to host larval body wash as parasitic wasps spent significantly more time made more entries into the treated region in single as well as dual choice assays. The electoantennographic response (EAG) further supported the olfactometer bioassays.  The GC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in the volatile emissions of different treatments studied. The utilization of host insect body cues and HIPVs in the host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid A. machaeralis is discussed in detail.

Keywords

Cucumber Moth, HIPVs, Olfactometer Assays, Specialist Parasitoid, Volatiles.

Full Text